DESCRIPTION: These hardy plants are natives of China, Japan, northern Africa, and southern Europe. They belong to the Daisy family, Compositae. Their flowers come in every color except blue. Their blooms come in a huge variety of shapes and sizes. Some are spherical in shape and have incurved petals at the center. Some have tubular-shaped petals of unequal length with little hooks at the end. Spoon Chrysanthemums have rather flat petals that are spoon-shaped at the end. Anemone Chrysanthemums have fairly flat, thin petals with shorter tubular petals in the center. Chrysanthemum carinatums are striking annuals with their beautiful yellow, purple and red rings. They originate in Morocco and grow 2-3 feet in height. C. maximum (Shasta Daisy) is a perennial found wild in Spain and Portugal. They form tufts of foliage close to the ground and in the summer, bear large, white flowers on 2- to 3-foot stems. Large plants of this variety tend to become straggly, so it is smart to lift the clumps every year or two and separate them. This assures finer blooms and more manageable plants. Only the young outer pieces should be chosen for replanting. C. rubellum is a herbaceous perennial that bears clusters of pale rose-pink flowers on 3-foot stems. C. cinerariaefolium's inflorescences are of considerable importance in the manufacture of Pyrethrum insecticides. C. balsamita (Costmary, Alecost, Bible-leaf, Sweet Mary, or Mint Geranium) is a sprawling, hardy perennial that reaches 3 feet in height when in bloom. The yellow flowers are rather sparse and the leaves are elongated, oval and toothed. They are leathery when dried and can be used as bookmarks. Fresh young Costmary leaves can be used in salads and to add a balsam flavor to beer, soups, and bread. Other Chrysanthemums will be listed below in the varieties section.
VARIETIES: Below are hardy perennials - C. maximum (Shasta Daisy) and some its best varieties are: Mount Shasta (double white), The Speaker (single white), Astrid (double white), Marconi (double white, frilled flowers), Alaska (white), Majestic (immense white flowers), Mark Riegal (large, white of distinct form) and Cobham Gold (cream, yellow center). C. rubellum (sprays of pale rose pink single flowers). C. Parthenium flore pleno (Feverfew - can grow in sun or shade - tons of small, double, white flowers and has a scent somewhat resembling Chamomile) and its variety aureum (Golden Feather - is dwarf with yellow leaves).C. uliginosum (herbaceous, large, white flowers).C. nipponicum (shrubby, stems don't die in the winter. Large, white, single, flowers resembling daisies - Great for borders, rock gardens and seaside gardens). C. Balsamita and its variety tanacetoides (commonly called Costmary, Sweet Mary and Mint Geranium). Costmary is grown in herb gardens and sometimes in flower borders and wild gardens & is naturalized in some parts of North America. Costmary was once reputable for its medicinal values and is used for flavoring foods. C. arcticum (native of the arctic regions. It produces white to lilac colored daisy-like flowers). C. yezoense (white flowers fade to a pinkish color). C. Zawadskii (pink flowers - 2 or less inches in diameter). Hardy annuals - These are derived from C. carinatum, C. segetum and C. coronarium: Morning Star (pale yellow), Evening Star (yellow), Northern Star (white), atrococcineum (red), Burridgeanum (white marked with crimson and yellow). Double varieties: Double White and Double Yellow and Bridal Robe (small, white flowers). Some other popular types are: C. frutescens (Marguerite or Paris Daisy); C. indicum and C. morifolium (scinensis). Here are the classifications of Chrysanthemums:
Japanese, Large Exhibition or Large Irregular - Have broad, irregularly incurved petals with blooms larger than 6 in. across. Large or Exhibition Incurves - Have petals overlapping regularly and blooms larger than 6 in. across. Intermediate Regular Incurves - Similar but with blooms over 5 in., but not more than 6 in. across. Small Regular Incurves - Similar but with blooms not over 5 in. across. Decoratives - Petals are regularly or irregularly reflexed. This is the most common garden class; the blooms measure 1½ to several inches across. The petals can be long. Singles - Have disc florets that form Daisy or Marguerite "eye" in the center of the flower. The ray florets are arranged in not more than 5 rows. Semidoubles - The ray florets are arranged in more than 5 rows but the disc is clearly evident as a daily-like eye. Anemones - The ray florets are in 5 or fewer rows and shorter petaloid disc flowers form a cushion-like center. Pompons - Blooms are usually spherical, though sometimes they are almost flat when small. They are usually not over 4 in. wide. Some Pompon varieties have incurved petals in the center of the flower head. Spoons - Have disc florets that are rather flat and ray florets that are regularly arranged and spoon-shaped. Quills - The disc shouldn't show, but tubular florets issue from the center and form a globular flower head. The tips of the petals may be recurved or spoon-shaped. Spiders - Have relatively long, thin and tubular petals of irregular length, sinuous or hooked at the tips. Threads - The disc may or may not show. The ray florets are of unequal length, tubular and delicate. Azaleamums and Cushion Chrysanthemums - Dwarf, spreading garden varieties of hardy character. Cascades - This name is applied to the varieties that have thin, wiry stems that can easily be trained to grow downward from pots and baskets to form a cascade effect when in bloom. The term Cascade refers mainly to the mode of training; the same varieties grown naturally develop into regular bushy plants.
Chrysanthemums, often called mums or chrysanths, are of the genus (Chrysanthemum) constituting approximately 30 species of perennial flowering plants in the family Asteraceae which is native to Asia and northeastern Europe.
{[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chrysanthemum]}
{[http://www.botany.com/chrysanthemum.html]}
VARIETIES: Below are hardy perennials - C. maximum (Shasta Daisy) and some its best varieties are: Mount Shasta (double white), The Speaker (single white), Astrid (double white), Marconi (double white, frilled flowers), Alaska (white), Majestic (immense white flowers), Mark Riegal (large, white of distinct form) and Cobham Gold (cream, yellow center). C. rubellum (sprays of pale rose pink single flowers). C. Parthenium flore pleno (Feverfew - can grow in sun or shade - tons of small, double, white flowers and has a scent somewhat resembling Chamomile) and its variety aureum (Golden Feather - is dwarf with yellow leaves).C. uliginosum (herbaceous, large, white flowers).C. nipponicum (shrubby, stems don't die in the winter. Large, white, single, flowers resembling daisies - Great for borders, rock gardens and seaside gardens). C. Balsamita and its variety tanacetoides (commonly called Costmary, Sweet Mary and Mint Geranium). Costmary is grown in herb gardens and sometimes in flower borders and wild gardens & is naturalized in some parts of North America. Costmary was once reputable for its medicinal values and is used for flavoring foods. C. arcticum (native of the arctic regions. It produces white to lilac colored daisy-like flowers). C. yezoense (white flowers fade to a pinkish color). C. Zawadskii (pink flowers - 2 or less inches in diameter). Hardy annuals - These are derived from C. carinatum, C. segetum and C. coronarium: Morning Star (pale yellow), Evening Star (yellow), Northern Star (white), atrococcineum (red), Burridgeanum (white marked with crimson and yellow). Double varieties: Double White and Double Yellow and Bridal Robe (small, white flowers). Some other popular types are: C. frutescens (Marguerite or Paris Daisy); C. indicum and C. morifolium (scinensis). Here are the classifications of Chrysanthemums:
Japanese, Large Exhibition or Large Irregular - Have broad, irregularly incurved petals with blooms larger than 6 in. across. Large or Exhibition Incurves - Have petals overlapping regularly and blooms larger than 6 in. across. Intermediate Regular Incurves - Similar but with blooms over 5 in., but not more than 6 in. across. Small Regular Incurves - Similar but with blooms not over 5 in. across. Decoratives - Petals are regularly or irregularly reflexed. This is the most common garden class; the blooms measure 1½ to several inches across. The petals can be long. Singles - Have disc florets that form Daisy or Marguerite "eye" in the center of the flower. The ray florets are arranged in not more than 5 rows. Semidoubles - The ray florets are arranged in more than 5 rows but the disc is clearly evident as a daily-like eye. Anemones - The ray florets are in 5 or fewer rows and shorter petaloid disc flowers form a cushion-like center. Pompons - Blooms are usually spherical, though sometimes they are almost flat when small. They are usually not over 4 in. wide. Some Pompon varieties have incurved petals in the center of the flower head. Spoons - Have disc florets that are rather flat and ray florets that are regularly arranged and spoon-shaped. Quills - The disc shouldn't show, but tubular florets issue from the center and form a globular flower head. The tips of the petals may be recurved or spoon-shaped. Spiders - Have relatively long, thin and tubular petals of irregular length, sinuous or hooked at the tips. Threads - The disc may or may not show. The ray florets are of unequal length, tubular and delicate. Azaleamums and Cushion Chrysanthemums - Dwarf, spreading garden varieties of hardy character. Cascades - This name is applied to the varieties that have thin, wiry stems that can easily be trained to grow downward from pots and baskets to form a cascade effect when in bloom. The term Cascade refers mainly to the mode of training; the same varieties grown naturally develop into regular bushy plants.
Chrysanthemums, often called mums or chrysanths, are of the genus (Chrysanthemum) constituting approximately 30 species of perennial flowering plants in the family Asteraceae which is native to Asia and northeastern Europe.
{[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chrysanthemum]}
{[http://www.botany.com/chrysanthemum.html]}
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